Python Datetime Module

This tutorial explains how to work with the date and time values using Python datetime. This module provides classes for representing and manipulating dates and times.

Please note that this module and its functions could come in quite handy for a variety of applications such as:

-Display dates and times on web pages and perform date- and time-related calculations.
-Analyze and visualize data that contains dates and times.
-Automate tasks that require working with dates and times.
-Calculate financial metrics that depend on dates and times.

How to Use Date and Time in Python

Greetings, hope you had a great day. Today, we plan to educate you on how to find the date, day, time, etc. using a module known as the datetime in Python.

You should be comfortable with modules in Python before studying the concept of date and time objects in Python. This tutorial uses syntax for Python3 which can be modified for use with Python2.

Pre-requisites

You need to have some level of experience using the modules in Python. They provide readymade functions that you can directly call from any program.

Introduction to Datetime Module

Although we can use the time module to find out the current date and time, it lacks features such as the ability to create Date objects for a particular manipulation.

To remedy this, Python has a built-in datetime module. Hence, to do any object manipulation regarding date and time, we need to import datetime module.

The datetime module is used to modify date and time objects in various ways. It contains five classes to manipulate date and time. They are shown in the below table:

We are going to deal with these date and time classes in the example section.

How to Use Datetime Module in Python Programs

To create and modify new date and time objects, we need to import the module. We load them by using the following statement.

import datetime

Or if you want only one of the modules-

from datetime import date

from datetime import time

from datetime import datetime

We could create new objects that have different date and time values stored for manipulation using the Python datetime module.

The following syntax would do the needful. It is just the pseudo-code.

import datetime

datetime.datetime(year_number, month_number, date_number, hours_number, minutes_number, seconds_number)

To format the dates into human-readable strings, we use the function strftime() that is available in the datetime module.

The datetime module has another function timedelta() . It allows calculations on the date and time objects and is useful for doing time operations.

The syntax used in invoking timedelta() is as follows:

from datetime import timedelta

timedelta(days, hours, minutes, seconds, year,...)

Python Datetime Examples

You can copy/paste the below code either in a Python interpreter or in an online Python compiler and run it.

To display today’s date we use the following code:

import datetime

print (datetime.date.today())

Or

from datetime import date

print (date.today())

To view the individual date components, we need:

Python datetime provides the date class which keeps track of all date and time components. The below code illustrates how can we access them.

from datetime import date

print (date.today().day)

print (date.today().month)

print (date.today().year)

#If you prefer to write in one sentence, write it as 

print (date.today().day,date.today().month,date.today().year)

Since the above code is long, we can rewrite it as:

from datetime import date

now = date.today()

print (now.day)

print (now.month)

print (now.year)

#You can also display the previous 3 sentences in one sentence 

print (now.day, now.month, now.year)

This code is cleaner and compact. Try to write the code in the shortest way possible without affecting readability.

The below picture shows the output of the code if you run it from the Python command line interface:

Find out the weekday of the current date:

You could also use the date class from Python datetime to find out the weekday of the current date:

from datetime import date

now = date.today()

print (f"The week of the day is {now.weekday()}")

The following is the output of the above code:

The week of the day is 4.

To format the date and time into human-readable strings, we use strftime() in the datetime module.

The following example clarifies how to use this function and prints the date/time in a styled manner:

import datetime
from datetime import datetime as tm

Today = tm.now()

print (Today.strftime("%a, %B, %d, %y"))

When you run it, you get the following output. Basically, all the date components print separately.

Fri, October, 13, 23

It is important to understand the format codes used in the above code.

The above codes are the most common format types to use in Python datetime programs.

However, if you want to print the local date and time using the function strftime() like the way given in the following example.

import datetime
from datetime import datetime as tm

Today = tm.now()

print ("Today’s date is " ,Today.strftime("%c"))

To display only the local date and local time separately, instead of%c use %x.

The following is a sample Python Program using multiple date-time modules.

from datetime import date,time, datetime, timedelta

# Time_gap is the timedelta object where
# we can do different calculations on it.

Time_gap = timedelta(hours = 23, minutes = 34)

print ("Future time is" , str(datetime.now() + Time_gap))

The output is as follows.

Conclusion – Usages of Datetime Module

Python Datatime It is a powerful feature that allows us to manipulate the system’s date and time without risking any system changes. We can define a new date object and modify its representation.

Arithmetic calculations can be done on the date and time objects for several purposes such as finding the future date, and the present year, formatting of date value into a string, creating a time management solution, etc.