Selenium Webdriver Howtos (10) for 2024

This tutorial discusses the ten essential Selenium Webdriver howtos that address many real-time issues with Selenium automation. Every how-to has a piece of code attached to demonstrate its usefulness. You can utilize the sample code right away in your projects.

We must tell you that the tips here will provide a partial solution that you can reuse in your programs. So we assume you know the basics of Selenium Webdriver.

Getting Started with Selenium Webdriver How-tos

Let’s open up this tutorial with a solution to one of the most common use cases – How to automate web tables in a web application.

It is about handling the web tables where we will show how to query a table to fetch data from its cells.

//Create the Firefox driver instance.
WebDriver ff = new FirefoxDriver();

//First, find the table on the web page.
WebElement table = ff.findElement(By.id(searchResultsGrid));

//Second, fetch all the row elements of the table.
List<WebElement> rowSet = table.findElements(By.tagName("tr"));

//Third, loop through the rows and get the data from their cells.
for (WebElement row : rowSet) {
 List<WebElement> cells = row.findElements(By.xpath("./*"));
 for (WebElement cell : cells) {
 //Continue checking.
 }
}

Must read – 100+ Selenium interview questions to ramp up preparation

The above code was just a demo before we shared the rest of the useful Selenium tips. Go through the list below to see other pieces of Selenium Webdriver howtos.

How to use Selenium Webdriver to click Google search

Since Google optimizes its CSS and JS scripts, you can’t rely on using them as locators. Moreover, it adds the search links dynamically on the result page. So you use a smart wait for the page to show all the results.

/*
 # Selenium Webdriver to click Google search and wait for the results.
 # ===================================================================
 */
public static void main(String[] args) {

    WebDriver ff = new FirefoxDriver();
    ff.get("http://www.google.com");
    WebElement search = ff.findElement(By.name("q"));
    search.sendKeys("Hello world!\n");
    search.submit();

    // Wait until Google finishes displaying the results.
    WebElement waitForResult = (new WebDriverWait(ff, 10))
              .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("resultStats")));

    List<WebElement> searches = ff.findElements(By.xpath("//*[@id='rso']//h3/a"));

    // Print all the links appeared in the search.
    for (WebElement lnk : searches)
    {
        System.out.println(lnk.getAttribute("href"));
    }
}

What to do when the click doesn’t work in Selenium Webdriver?

Firstly, you should check that the element you click exists on the target page. Then, you can try using the below code.

ff.findElement(By.name("submit")).sendKeys(Keys.Return);
or
ff.findElement(By.name("submit")).sendKeys(Keys.Enter);

Provide code to simulate mouseover in Selenium Webdriver

It’s not realistic to achieve <mouse hover> in Selenium Webdriver. We can sequence all the actions in one go. It will give the same effect as mouseover would have.

Here is the three-line code you can use.

Actions action = new Actions(ff);
WebElement seq = ff.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div[10]/ul/li[5]/a"));
action.moveToElement(seq).moveToElement(ff.findElement(By.xpath("/paste-expression"))).click().build().perform();

How to open a URL in the new tab with Selenium WebDriver

Here is the Selenium Webdriver code snippet that will open a new tab.

It’ll open the page in a new tab.

String newtab = Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL,Keys.RETURN); 
ff.findElement(By.linkText("URL")).sendKeys(newtab);

If you wish to move to the new tab, use the below code.

ArrayList<String> tablist = new ArrayList<String> (ff.getWindowHandles());
ff.switchTo().window(tablist.get(0));

These Selenium Webdriver Howtos are worth experimenting with, check out a few more below.

Selenium Webdriver code to extract data from the PDF files

Probably, you’ve heard many times that you need to check a page that loads the PDF.

Here is the code to verify the online PDF file. But you first need to download the Apache PDF library.

@Test
public void checkPDFpage() throws Exception {
    // Test page which loads pdf document.
    ff.get("http ... sample page loading pdf");
 
    URL nav = new URL(ff.getCurrentUrl());
    BufferedInputStream page = new BufferedInputStream(nav.openStream());
 
    PDDocument pdfdoc = null;
    try{
        pdfdoc = PDDocument.load(page);
        String result = new PDFTextStripper().getText(pdfdoc);
        System.out.println(result);
    }finally{
 
        if( pdfdoc != null )
        {
            pdfdoc.close();
        }//end of if
    }//finally
}//main

How to get elements by XPath using JavaScript in Selenium

Here is an easy way to retrieve the XPath using JS. Use the JS <document.evaluate> method to fetch the XPath.

function getElementByXpath(path) {
  return document.evaluate(path, document, null, XPathResult.FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE, null).singleNodeValue;
}

Next, you may have to call the above JavaScript function from the Webdriver code. So use the <JavascriptExecutor> as given below.

WebDriver ff = new FirefoxDriver();
if (ff instanceof JavascriptExecutor) {
    ((JavascriptExecutor) ff).executeScript("getElementByXpath('//xpath')");
}

How is it going with our special list of Selenium Webdriver Howtos? We hope you are enjoying writing so much code.

How to select the drop-down option in Selenium Webdriver

Use the following Webdriver code. It’ll help in choosing the options based on the label.

Select sel = new Select(ff.findElement(By.xpath("//path_to_drop_down")));
sel.deselectAll();
sel.selectByVisibleText("myvalue");

Also, you can add the below code to get the first selected value.

WebElement selection = sel.getFirstSelectedOption();

Code to select all the drop-down values using Selenium WebDriver.

Here is the code to select all values from the drop-down.

WebElement sel = ff.findElement(By.id("month"));
List<WebElement> items = sel.findElements(By.tagName("option"));

for (WebElement item : items) {
       item.click();
}

Code to get all the children of an element using Webdriver.

You can query all the children of an element in Selenium Webdriver by using both the XPath and the CSS.

List<WebElement> nodes = targetElement.findElements(By.xpath(".//*"));

Or

List<WebElement> nodes = targetElement.findElements(By.cssSelector("*"));

Finally, we approached the last mile and the last of the 10 Selenium Webdriver Howtos.

Provide code to get the visible text of a page.

You need to run through the following steps to get the visible text.

• Call <By.tagName(“body”)> to select the top element in the DOM.
• Next, use the <getText()> methods on the same element. It will return the desired visible text.

Also Read: Top 20 Selenium Webdriver Coding Tips for Beginners

You might have observed that merely reading Selenium Webdriver tutorials won’t make you an automation geek. Several other technical things matter and you should know them as automation testers.

Most of the tutorials fail to address such common problems. Hence, we did trials, researched, and rinsed the above ten problems many automation testers face.

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Keep learning,
TechBeamers.